Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes 
Normal Insulin Secretion
Physiologic Insulin and Glucose Secretion
Insulin Replacement in Diabetes
Steps in Insulin Secretion
Insulins Available for Clinical Use
Comparison of Human Insulins and Analogues
Limitations of Human Regular Insulin
Advantages of Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogues
Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogues
The Ideal Basal Insulin
Basal Insulin Analogues
Insulin Glargine
Starting Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Recommended Insulin Titration Schedule
Intensifying Insulin Therapy
Insulins Used in Clinical Practice
Insulin Regimens: Basal Insulin
Insulin Regimens: Rapid- and Intermediate-Acting
Insulin Regimens: Basal-bolus Therapy
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Normal Insulin Secretion
A person who does not have diabetes secretes insulin in the following pattern:
  • Basal Insulin - Insulin secreted at all times to suppress hepatic glucose production between meals and overnight
  • Prandial (bolus) insulin - Incremental insulin secreted in response to rising postprandial glucose levels, which promotes postprandial glucose disposal and maintains postprandial glucose levels in a normal range