Title: A Phase 2b Randomized, Single-Center, Double blind, Placebo Controlled, 2-Arm Study to Investigate Orally Administered Combination Therapies (5-alpha reductase inhibitor + Raloxifene) Compared with Monotherapy (5-alpha reductase inhibitor + Placebo) in Adult Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Brief Title: 5-ARI + Raloxifene Trial

Brief Summary:

Title: Self-Adjusted Nitrous Oxide: A Feasibility Study in the Setting of Vasectomy

Brief Title: Nitrous Oxide during Vasectomy

Brief Summary: A vasectomy is a common procedure done as a form of permanent male birth control. For some patients, a vasectomy can cause anxiety or pain. Nitrous oxide (or laughing gas) is a well-known sedative which is frequently used in dental offices and for pediatric procedures to reduce anxiety and pain. This study is being done to see if nitrous oxide during vasectomy decreases pain and anxiety also assess whether patients have better satisfaction when they control their own level of nitrous oxide during the procedure. If we find that patients experience less pain or anxiety with nitrous oxide, it could be suggested that self-adjusted nitrous oxide (SANO) may be a useful for improving experience of care during vasectomy. We use the term SANO to describe participants holding a mask to their face and using a remote control to adjust the nitrous oxide levels up or down to their desired effect. The system limits the nitrous oxide levels so that the level cannot go above a fixed limit (50% nitrous oxide).

Title: 5-Alpha Reductase 2 as a Marker of Resistance to 5ARI therapy

Brief Title: 5-Alpha Reductase 2 as a Marker of Resistance to 5ARI therap

Brief Summary: The study is being conducted to learn why some patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) do not respond to a commonly used treatment drug, Finasteride. The hope is to find ways to predict which patients will not respond to Finasteride so that, in the future, these patients can be identified prior to offering this treatment and they can be offered alternative treatment strategies in its place. The aim is to see if noninvasive techniques such as MRI can detect inflammation of the prostate to assist with early detection of those who will and who will not respond to Finasteride.